JESSICA STOCKHOLDER




JESSICA STOCKHOLDER AMERICAN SCULPTOR AND INSTALLATION ARTIST. CONCEPTUAL ARTIST. PIONEER OF INSTALLATION ART THAT MIXES EVERYDAY CONSUMER AND HOUSEHOLD OBJECTS WITH HIGH ART TRADITIONS. HER WORKS ARE OFTEN TITLED AFTER LITERARY OR THEATRICAL WORKS. COMMON HOUSEHOLD MATERIALS GATHERED TOGETHER, DISPLAYED IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE GALLERY ENVIRONMENT IN A SEEMINGLY HAPHAZARD MANNER, COLORS AND SHAPES RANDOMLY APPLIED. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY

PIER PAOLO PASOLINI

RICHARD SERRA



RICHARD SERRA. AMERICAN MINIMALIST SCULPTOR KNOWN FOR HIS CONSTRUCTIONS FROM LARGE ROLLS AND SHEETS OF METAL (COR-TEN-STEEL). MANY OF THESE PIECES ARE SELF-SUPPORTING AND EMPHASIZE THE WEIGHT AND NATURE OF THE MATERIALS. SITE-SPECIFIC INSTALLATIONS, IN 1981, SERRA INSTALLED TILTED ARC, A GENTLY CURVED, 3.5 METER HIGH ARC OF RUSTING MILD STEEL IN THE FEDERAL PLAZA IN NEW YORK CITY. TO SEE IS TO THINK, TO CHANGE MEANINGS THROUGH PERCEPTION. NOTIONS OF PROCESS TIME AND SPACE ARE BEEING EXPLORED WITH FORMS NEVER BUILT BEFORE. 2007 THE MUSEUM OF MODERN ART PRESENTED A RETROSPECTIVE OF SERRA'S WORK IN NEW YORK. INTERSECTION II (1992-1993) AND TORQUED ELLIPSE IV (1998) AMONG THE WORKS. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

LOUISE BOURGEOIS



LOUISE BOURGEOIS. ARTIST AND SCULPTOR. HER MOST FAMOUS WORKS ARE POSSIBLY THE SPIDER STRUCTURES, TITLED MAMAN, HER WORKS ARE SOMETIMES ABSTRACT AND SHE SPEAKS OF THEM IN SYMBOLIC TERMS WITH THE MAIN FOCUS BEING "RELATIONSHIPS" - CONSIDERING AN ENTITY IN RELATION TO ITS SURROUNDINGS. LOUISE BOURGEOIS FINDS INSPIRATION FOR HER WORKS FROM HER CHILDHOOD: HER ADULTEROUS FATHER AND HER MOTHER, WHO REFUSED TO ACKNOWLEDGE IT. HER PIECES CONSIST OF EROTIC AND SEXUAL IMAGES AND ALSO FORMS FOUND IN NATURE, SUCH AS HER SCULPTURE, CUMULS (REFERRING TO CLOUDS IN THE SKY) AND NATURE STUDY. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

ANN HAMILTON

MATTHEW BARNEY



MATHHEW BARNEY. AMERICAN ARTIST WHO WORKS IN SCULPTURE, PHOTOGRAPHY, DRAWING AND FILM. FROM SCULPTURAL INSTALLATIONS COMBINED WITH PERFORMANCE AND VIDEO. HE CREATED THE CREMASTER CYCLE. DRAWING RESTRAINTS 1–6 (1987–89) WERE DOCUMENTED WITH VIDEO AND PHOTOGRAPHY. A MAJOR PROJECT CONSISTING OF A FEATURE-LENGTH FILM WITH SOUNDTRACK COMPOSED BY BJÖRK, LARGE-SCALE SCULPTURES, PHOTOGRAPHS AND DRAWINGS, HIS GRAPHITE AND PETROLEUM JELLY DRAWINGS. HE HAS EXPLORED LIVE PERFORMANCE BEFORE AN AUDIENCE A RITUALISTIC EXPLORATION OF EGYPTIAN SYMBOLISM IN ANCIENT NIGHTS. WIKI VIEW HISTORY.

NAN GOLDIN

MARINA ABRAMOVIC AND ULAY




MARINA ABRAMOVIC. SERBIAN PERFORMANCE ARTIST. ACTIVE FOR OVER THREE DECADES. ABRAMOVIĆ'S WORK EXPLORES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERFORMER AND AUDIENCE, THE LIMITS OF THE BODY, AND THE POSSIBILITIES OF THE MIND. ABRAMOVIĆ BEGAN TO CONSIDER THE STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE PERFORMER. “ONCE YOU ENTER INTO THE PERFORMANCE STATE YOU CAN PUSH YOUR BODY TO DO THINGS YOU ABSOLUTELY COULD NEVER NORMALLY DO.” THE STATE OFUNCONSCIOUSNESS COULD BE INCORPORATED INTO A PERFORMANCE, TO TEST THE LIMITS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERFORMER AND AUDIENCEABRAMOVIĆ/ULAY EXPLORED EXTREME STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO ARCHITECTURAL SPACE.WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

NAN GOLDIN

VALIE EXPORT



VALIE EXPORT. AUSTRIAN ARTIST. HER ARTISTIC WORK INCLUDESVIDEO INSTALLATIONSBODY PERFORMANCESEXPANDED CINEMA,COMPUTER ANIMATIONSPHOTOGRAPHY, SCULPTURES AND PUBLICATIONS. IN 1967, SHE CHANGED HER NAME TO VALIE EXPORT (WRITTEN IN UPPERCASE LETTERS). HER EXAMINATION OF THE WAYS IN WHICH THEPOWER RELATIONS INHERENT IN MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS INSCRIBE WOMEN’S BODIES AND CONSCIOUSNESS DISTINGUISHES VALIE EXPORT’S PROJECT. SHE SUBJECTED HER BODY TO PAIN AND DANGER IN ACTIONS DESIGNED. VALIE EXPORT'S GROUNDBREAKING VIDEO PIECE, "FACING A FAMILY" (1971) WAS ONE OF THE FIRST INSTANCES OF TELEVISION INTERVENTION AND BROADCASTING VIDEO ART. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY. 

VANESSA BEECROFT



BEECROFT'S WORK IS A FUSION OF CONCEPTUAL ISSUES AND AESTHETIC CONCERNS, FOCUSING ON LARGE-SCALE PERFORMANCE ART, USUALLY INVOLVING LIVE FEMALE MODELS (OFTEN NUDE). AT HER PERFORMANCES, VIDEO RECORDINGS AND PHOTOGRAPHS ARE MADE, TO BE EXHIBITED AS DOCUMENTATION OF THE PERFORMANCES, BUT ALSO AS SEPARATE WORKS OF ART. THE WORK AND HER CONCEPTUAL APPROACH IS NEITHER PERFORMANCE NOR DOCUMENTARY, BUT SOMETHING IN BETWEEN, AND CLOSER TO RENAISSANCE PAINTING. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

THOMAS HIRSCHHORN



THOMAS HIRSCHHORN. PART OF THE GROUP OF DESIGNERS CALLED GRAPUS. THESE ARTISTS WERE CONCERNED WITH POLITICS AND CULTURE, DISPLAYING IMPROMPTU CREATIONS AND POSTERS ON THE STREET MOSTLY USING THE LANGUAGE OF ADVERTISEMENT. HE LEFT GRAPUS TO CREATE THE HYPERSATURATED INSTALLATIONS HE IS KNOWN FOR TODAY, USING COMMON MATERIALS SUCH ASCARDBOARD, FOIL, DUCT TAPE, AND PLASTIC WRAP. THESE INSTALLATIONS ARE OFTEN SITE SPECIFIC AND OUTSIDE THE GALLERY, AND/OR INTERACTIVE. UNLIKE MUCH TOTAL INSTALLATION WORK, THE VIEWER IS AN OBSERVER NOT AN ACTOR IN THE SPACES HE CREATES BECAUSE OF THE WAY HE CONTINUES TO OFFER MESSAGES IN HIS WORK AS HE DID WITH GRAPUS. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

THOMAS HIRSCHHORN



THOMAS HIRSCHHORN. PART OF THE GROUP OF DESIGNERS CALLED GRAPUS. THESE ARTISTS WERE CONCERNED WITH POLITICS AND CULTURE, DISPLAYING IMPROMPTU CREATIONS AND POSTERS ON THE STREET MOSTLY USING THE LANGUAGE OF ADVERTISEMENT. HE LEFT GRAPUS TO CREATE THE HYPERSATURATED INSTALLATIONS HE IS KNOWN FOR TODAY, USING COMMON MATERIALS SUCH ASCARDBOARD, FOIL, DUCT TAPE, AND PLASTIC WRAP. THESE INSTALLATIONS ARE OFTEN SITE SPECIFIC AND OUTSIDE THE GALLERY, AND/OR INTERACTIVE. UNLIKE MUCH TOTAL INSTALLATION WORK, THE VIEWER IS AN OBSERVER NOT AN ACTOR IN THE SPACES HE CREATES BECAUSE OF THE WAY HE CONTINUES TO OFFER MESSAGES IN HIS WORK AS HE DID WITH GRAPUS. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

THOMAS HIRSCHHORN




THOMAS HIRSCHHORN. PART OF THE GROUP OF DESIGNERS CALLED GRAPUS. THESE ARTISTS WERE CONCERNED WITH POLITICS AND CULTURE, DISPLAYING IMPROMPTU CREATIONS AND POSTERS ON THE STREET MOSTLY USING THE LANGUAGE OF ADVERTISEMENT. HE LEFT GRAPUS TO CREATE THE HYPERSATURATED INSTALLATIONS HE IS KNOWN FOR TODAY, USING COMMON MATERIALS SUCH ASCARDBOARD, FOIL, DUCT TAPE, AND PLASTIC WRAP. THESE INSTALLATIONS ARE OFTEN SITE SPECIFIC AND OUTSIDE THE GALLERY, AND/OR INTERACTIVE. UNLIKE MUCH TOTAL INSTALLATION WORK, THE VIEWER IS AN OBSERVER NOT AN ACTOR IN THE SPACES HE CREATES BECAUSE OF THE WAY HE CONTINUES TO OFFER MESSAGES IN HIS WORK AS HE DID WITH GRAPUS. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

THOMAS HIRSCHHORN




THOMAS HIRSCHHORN. PART OF THE GROUP OF DESIGNERS CALLED GRAPUS. THESE ARTISTS WERE CONCERNED WITH POLITICS AND CULTURE, DISPLAYING IMPROMPTU CREATIONS AND POSTERS ON THE STREET MOSTLY USING THE LANGUAGE OF ADVERTISEMENT. HE LEFT GRAPUS TO CREATE THE HYPERSATURATED INSTALLATIONS HE IS KNOWN FOR TODAY, USING COMMON MATERIALS SUCH ASCARDBOARD, FOIL, DUCT TAPE, AND PLASTIC WRAP. THESE INSTALLATIONS ARE OFTEN SITE SPECIFIC AND OUTSIDE THE GALLERY, AND/OR INTERACTIVE. UNLIKE MUCH TOTAL INSTALLATION WORK, THE VIEWER IS AN OBSERVER NOT AN ACTOR IN THE SPACES HE CREATES BECAUSE OF THE WAY HE CONTINUES TO OFFER MESSAGES IN HIS WORK AS HE DID WITH GRAPUS. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

SANTIAGO SIERRA



SANTIAGO SIERRA. SPANISH ARTIST. HE LIVES IN MEXICO CITY. SIERRA'S WORK REFLECTS HIS VIEWS ON CAPITALISM, LABOR, AND EXPLOITATION. FOR INSTANCE, HE PAID A GROUP OF WORKERS TO MOVE A HEAVY ROCK FROM A POINT A TO A POINT B AND VICE VERSA. ON ANOTHER OCCASION HE PAID DRUG-ADDICTED PROSTITUTES FROM BRAZIL IN THEIR DRUG OF CHOICE TO LET THEM HAVE A LINE TATTOOED ACROSS THEIR BACKS. HE ALSO CAUSED CONTROVERSY BY COVERING TEN IRAQI IMMIGRANTS IN INSULATING POLYURETHANE FOAM AND WAITING FOR IT TO HARDEN. ANOTHER OF HIS WELL KNOWN PROJECTS IS A ROOM OF MUD IN HANOVER, GERMANY, COMMEMORATING THE JOB-CREATION MEASURE ORIGIN OF THE MASCHSEE. IN 2006, HE PROVOKED CONTROVERSY WITH HIS INSTALLATION "245 CUBIC METRES", A GAS CHAMBER CREATED INSIDE A FORMER SYNAGOGUE IN PULHEIM, GERMANY.WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

CINDY SHERMAN



CINDI SHERMAN. AMERICAN PHOTOGRAPHER, BEST KNOWN FOR HERCONCEPTUAL PORTRAITS. SHE BEGAN PAINTING. "THERE WAS NOTHING MORE TO SAY [THROUGH PAINTING]," SHE LATER RECALLED. "I WAS METICULOUSLY COPYING OTHER ART AND THEN I REALIZED I COULD JUST USE A CAMERA AND PUT MY TIME INTO AN IDEA INSTEAD." SHERMAN WORKS IN SERIES, TYPICALLY PHOTOGRAPHING HERSELF IN A RANGE OF COSTUMES. FOR EXAMPLE, IN HER LANDMARK 69 PHOTOGRAPH SERIES, THE COMPLETE UNTITLED FILM STILLS, (1977–1980) SHERMAN APPEARED AS B-MOVIE, FOREIGN FILM AND FILM NOIR STYLE ACTRESSES. A SERIES, DATED 2003, FEATURES HER AS CLOWNS. SHERMAN HAS APPROPRIATED A NUMBER OF OTHER VISUAL FORMS— THE CENTERFOLD, FASHION PHOTOGRAPH, HISTORICAL PORTRAIT, AND SOFT-CORE SEX IMAGE. THESE AND OTHER SERIES, LIKE THE 1980S "FAIRY TALES AND DISASTERS" SEQUENCEWIKI VIEW HISTORY.

NORMAN FOSTER



NORMAN FOSTER. BRITISH ARCHITECT WHOSE COMPANY MAINTAINS AN INTERNATIONAL DESIGN PRACTICE. AT YALE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, HE MET FORMER BUSINESS PARTNER RICHARD ROGERS. 1968 SAW THE BEGINNING OF A LONG PERIOD OF COLLABORATION WITH AMERICAN ARCHITECT RICHARD BUCKMINSTER FULLER, WHICH CONTINUED UNTIL FULLER'S DEATH IN 1983, CATALYSTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE APPROACH TO DESIGN - FOSTER CREATED OPEN-PLAN OFFICE FLOORS LONG BEFORE OPEN-PLAN BECAME THE NORM. IN A TOWN NOT OVER-ENDOWED WITH PUBLIC FACILITIES, THE ROOF GARDENS, 25M SWIMMING POOL AND GYMNASIUM GREATLY ENHANCE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE COMPANY'S 1200 EMPLOYEES. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

RYUE NISHIZAWA

VILANOVA ARTIGAS