PIER PAOLO PASOLINI

RICHARD SERRA



RICHARD SERRA. AMERICAN MINIMALIST SCULPTOR KNOWN FOR HIS CONSTRUCTIONS FROM LARGE ROLLS AND SHEETS OF METAL (COR-TEN-STEEL). MANY OF THESE PIECES ARE SELF-SUPPORTING AND EMPHASIZE THE WEIGHT AND NATURE OF THE MATERIALS. SITE-SPECIFIC INSTALLATIONS, IN 1981, SERRA INSTALLED TILTED ARC, A GENTLY CURVED, 3.5 METER HIGH ARC OF RUSTING MILD STEEL IN THE FEDERAL PLAZA IN NEW YORK CITY. TO SEE IS TO THINK, TO CHANGE MEANINGS THROUGH PERCEPTION. NOTIONS OF PROCESS TIME AND SPACE ARE BEEING EXPLORED WITH FORMS NEVER BUILT BEFORE. 2007 THE MUSEUM OF MODERN ART PRESENTED A RETROSPECTIVE OF SERRA'S WORK IN NEW YORK. INTERSECTION II (1992-1993) AND TORQUED ELLIPSE IV (1998) AMONG THE WORKS. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

LOUISE BOURGEOIS



LOUISE BOURGEOIS. ARTIST AND SCULPTOR. HER MOST FAMOUS WORKS ARE POSSIBLY THE SPIDER STRUCTURES, TITLED MAMAN, HER WORKS ARE SOMETIMES ABSTRACT AND SHE SPEAKS OF THEM IN SYMBOLIC TERMS WITH THE MAIN FOCUS BEING "RELATIONSHIPS" - CONSIDERING AN ENTITY IN RELATION TO ITS SURROUNDINGS. LOUISE BOURGEOIS FINDS INSPIRATION FOR HER WORKS FROM HER CHILDHOOD: HER ADULTEROUS FATHER AND HER MOTHER, WHO REFUSED TO ACKNOWLEDGE IT. HER PIECES CONSIST OF EROTIC AND SEXUAL IMAGES AND ALSO FORMS FOUND IN NATURE, SUCH AS HER SCULPTURE, CUMULS (REFERRING TO CLOUDS IN THE SKY) AND NATURE STUDY. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

ANN HAMILTON

MATTHEW BARNEY



MATHHEW BARNEY. AMERICAN ARTIST WHO WORKS IN SCULPTURE, PHOTOGRAPHY, DRAWING AND FILM. FROM SCULPTURAL INSTALLATIONS COMBINED WITH PERFORMANCE AND VIDEO. HE CREATED THE CREMASTER CYCLE. DRAWING RESTRAINTS 1–6 (1987–89) WERE DOCUMENTED WITH VIDEO AND PHOTOGRAPHY. A MAJOR PROJECT CONSISTING OF A FEATURE-LENGTH FILM WITH SOUNDTRACK COMPOSED BY BJÖRK, LARGE-SCALE SCULPTURES, PHOTOGRAPHS AND DRAWINGS, HIS GRAPHITE AND PETROLEUM JELLY DRAWINGS. HE HAS EXPLORED LIVE PERFORMANCE BEFORE AN AUDIENCE A RITUALISTIC EXPLORATION OF EGYPTIAN SYMBOLISM IN ANCIENT NIGHTS. WIKI VIEW HISTORY.

NAN GOLDIN

MARINA ABRAMOVIC AND ULAY




MARINA ABRAMOVIC. SERBIAN PERFORMANCE ARTIST. ACTIVE FOR OVER THREE DECADES. ABRAMOVIĆ'S WORK EXPLORES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERFORMER AND AUDIENCE, THE LIMITS OF THE BODY, AND THE POSSIBILITIES OF THE MIND. ABRAMOVIĆ BEGAN TO CONSIDER THE STATE OF CONSCIOUSNESS OF THE PERFORMER. “ONCE YOU ENTER INTO THE PERFORMANCE STATE YOU CAN PUSH YOUR BODY TO DO THINGS YOU ABSOLUTELY COULD NEVER NORMALLY DO.” THE STATE OFUNCONSCIOUSNESS COULD BE INCORPORATED INTO A PERFORMANCE, TO TEST THE LIMITS OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERFORMER AND AUDIENCEABRAMOVIĆ/ULAY EXPLORED EXTREME STATES OF CONSCIOUSNESS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO ARCHITECTURAL SPACE.WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

NAN GOLDIN

VALIE EXPORT



VALIE EXPORT. AUSTRIAN ARTIST. HER ARTISTIC WORK INCLUDESVIDEO INSTALLATIONSBODY PERFORMANCESEXPANDED CINEMA,COMPUTER ANIMATIONSPHOTOGRAPHY, SCULPTURES AND PUBLICATIONS. IN 1967, SHE CHANGED HER NAME TO VALIE EXPORT (WRITTEN IN UPPERCASE LETTERS). HER EXAMINATION OF THE WAYS IN WHICH THEPOWER RELATIONS INHERENT IN MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS INSCRIBE WOMEN’S BODIES AND CONSCIOUSNESS DISTINGUISHES VALIE EXPORT’S PROJECT. SHE SUBJECTED HER BODY TO PAIN AND DANGER IN ACTIONS DESIGNED. VALIE EXPORT'S GROUNDBREAKING VIDEO PIECE, "FACING A FAMILY" (1971) WAS ONE OF THE FIRST INSTANCES OF TELEVISION INTERVENTION AND BROADCASTING VIDEO ART. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY. 

VANESSA BEECROFT



BEECROFT'S WORK IS A FUSION OF CONCEPTUAL ISSUES AND AESTHETIC CONCERNS, FOCUSING ON LARGE-SCALE PERFORMANCE ART, USUALLY INVOLVING LIVE FEMALE MODELS (OFTEN NUDE). AT HER PERFORMANCES, VIDEO RECORDINGS AND PHOTOGRAPHS ARE MADE, TO BE EXHIBITED AS DOCUMENTATION OF THE PERFORMANCES, BUT ALSO AS SEPARATE WORKS OF ART. THE WORK AND HER CONCEPTUAL APPROACH IS NEITHER PERFORMANCE NOR DOCUMENTARY, BUT SOMETHING IN BETWEEN, AND CLOSER TO RENAISSANCE PAINTING. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

THOMAS HIRSCHHORN



THOMAS HIRSCHHORN. PART OF THE GROUP OF DESIGNERS CALLED GRAPUS. THESE ARTISTS WERE CONCERNED WITH POLITICS AND CULTURE, DISPLAYING IMPROMPTU CREATIONS AND POSTERS ON THE STREET MOSTLY USING THE LANGUAGE OF ADVERTISEMENT. HE LEFT GRAPUS TO CREATE THE HYPERSATURATED INSTALLATIONS HE IS KNOWN FOR TODAY, USING COMMON MATERIALS SUCH ASCARDBOARD, FOIL, DUCT TAPE, AND PLASTIC WRAP. THESE INSTALLATIONS ARE OFTEN SITE SPECIFIC AND OUTSIDE THE GALLERY, AND/OR INTERACTIVE. UNLIKE MUCH TOTAL INSTALLATION WORK, THE VIEWER IS AN OBSERVER NOT AN ACTOR IN THE SPACES HE CREATES BECAUSE OF THE WAY HE CONTINUES TO OFFER MESSAGES IN HIS WORK AS HE DID WITH GRAPUS. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

THOMAS HIRSCHHORN



THOMAS HIRSCHHORN. PART OF THE GROUP OF DESIGNERS CALLED GRAPUS. THESE ARTISTS WERE CONCERNED WITH POLITICS AND CULTURE, DISPLAYING IMPROMPTU CREATIONS AND POSTERS ON THE STREET MOSTLY USING THE LANGUAGE OF ADVERTISEMENT. HE LEFT GRAPUS TO CREATE THE HYPERSATURATED INSTALLATIONS HE IS KNOWN FOR TODAY, USING COMMON MATERIALS SUCH ASCARDBOARD, FOIL, DUCT TAPE, AND PLASTIC WRAP. THESE INSTALLATIONS ARE OFTEN SITE SPECIFIC AND OUTSIDE THE GALLERY, AND/OR INTERACTIVE. UNLIKE MUCH TOTAL INSTALLATION WORK, THE VIEWER IS AN OBSERVER NOT AN ACTOR IN THE SPACES HE CREATES BECAUSE OF THE WAY HE CONTINUES TO OFFER MESSAGES IN HIS WORK AS HE DID WITH GRAPUS. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

THOMAS HIRSCHHORN




THOMAS HIRSCHHORN. PART OF THE GROUP OF DESIGNERS CALLED GRAPUS. THESE ARTISTS WERE CONCERNED WITH POLITICS AND CULTURE, DISPLAYING IMPROMPTU CREATIONS AND POSTERS ON THE STREET MOSTLY USING THE LANGUAGE OF ADVERTISEMENT. HE LEFT GRAPUS TO CREATE THE HYPERSATURATED INSTALLATIONS HE IS KNOWN FOR TODAY, USING COMMON MATERIALS SUCH ASCARDBOARD, FOIL, DUCT TAPE, AND PLASTIC WRAP. THESE INSTALLATIONS ARE OFTEN SITE SPECIFIC AND OUTSIDE THE GALLERY, AND/OR INTERACTIVE. UNLIKE MUCH TOTAL INSTALLATION WORK, THE VIEWER IS AN OBSERVER NOT AN ACTOR IN THE SPACES HE CREATES BECAUSE OF THE WAY HE CONTINUES TO OFFER MESSAGES IN HIS WORK AS HE DID WITH GRAPUS. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

THOMAS HIRSCHHORN




THOMAS HIRSCHHORN. PART OF THE GROUP OF DESIGNERS CALLED GRAPUS. THESE ARTISTS WERE CONCERNED WITH POLITICS AND CULTURE, DISPLAYING IMPROMPTU CREATIONS AND POSTERS ON THE STREET MOSTLY USING THE LANGUAGE OF ADVERTISEMENT. HE LEFT GRAPUS TO CREATE THE HYPERSATURATED INSTALLATIONS HE IS KNOWN FOR TODAY, USING COMMON MATERIALS SUCH ASCARDBOARD, FOIL, DUCT TAPE, AND PLASTIC WRAP. THESE INSTALLATIONS ARE OFTEN SITE SPECIFIC AND OUTSIDE THE GALLERY, AND/OR INTERACTIVE. UNLIKE MUCH TOTAL INSTALLATION WORK, THE VIEWER IS AN OBSERVER NOT AN ACTOR IN THE SPACES HE CREATES BECAUSE OF THE WAY HE CONTINUES TO OFFER MESSAGES IN HIS WORK AS HE DID WITH GRAPUS. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

SANTIAGO SIERRA



SANTIAGO SIERRA. SPANISH ARTIST. HE LIVES IN MEXICO CITY. SIERRA'S WORK REFLECTS HIS VIEWS ON CAPITALISM, LABOR, AND EXPLOITATION. FOR INSTANCE, HE PAID A GROUP OF WORKERS TO MOVE A HEAVY ROCK FROM A POINT A TO A POINT B AND VICE VERSA. ON ANOTHER OCCASION HE PAID DRUG-ADDICTED PROSTITUTES FROM BRAZIL IN THEIR DRUG OF CHOICE TO LET THEM HAVE A LINE TATTOOED ACROSS THEIR BACKS. HE ALSO CAUSED CONTROVERSY BY COVERING TEN IRAQI IMMIGRANTS IN INSULATING POLYURETHANE FOAM AND WAITING FOR IT TO HARDEN. ANOTHER OF HIS WELL KNOWN PROJECTS IS A ROOM OF MUD IN HANOVER, GERMANY, COMMEMORATING THE JOB-CREATION MEASURE ORIGIN OF THE MASCHSEE. IN 2006, HE PROVOKED CONTROVERSY WITH HIS INSTALLATION "245 CUBIC METRES", A GAS CHAMBER CREATED INSIDE A FORMER SYNAGOGUE IN PULHEIM, GERMANY.WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

CINDY SHERMAN



CINDI SHERMAN. AMERICAN PHOTOGRAPHER, BEST KNOWN FOR HERCONCEPTUAL PORTRAITS. SHE BEGAN PAINTING. "THERE WAS NOTHING MORE TO SAY [THROUGH PAINTING]," SHE LATER RECALLED. "I WAS METICULOUSLY COPYING OTHER ART AND THEN I REALIZED I COULD JUST USE A CAMERA AND PUT MY TIME INTO AN IDEA INSTEAD." SHERMAN WORKS IN SERIES, TYPICALLY PHOTOGRAPHING HERSELF IN A RANGE OF COSTUMES. FOR EXAMPLE, IN HER LANDMARK 69 PHOTOGRAPH SERIES, THE COMPLETE UNTITLED FILM STILLS, (1977–1980) SHERMAN APPEARED AS B-MOVIE, FOREIGN FILM AND FILM NOIR STYLE ACTRESSES. A SERIES, DATED 2003, FEATURES HER AS CLOWNS. SHERMAN HAS APPROPRIATED A NUMBER OF OTHER VISUAL FORMS— THE CENTERFOLD, FASHION PHOTOGRAPH, HISTORICAL PORTRAIT, AND SOFT-CORE SEX IMAGE. THESE AND OTHER SERIES, LIKE THE 1980S "FAIRY TALES AND DISASTERS" SEQUENCEWIKI VIEW HISTORY.

NORMAN FOSTER



NORMAN FOSTER. BRITISH ARCHITECT WHOSE COMPANY MAINTAINS AN INTERNATIONAL DESIGN PRACTICE. AT YALE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, HE MET FORMER BUSINESS PARTNER RICHARD ROGERS. 1968 SAW THE BEGINNING OF A LONG PERIOD OF COLLABORATION WITH AMERICAN ARCHITECT RICHARD BUCKMINSTER FULLER, WHICH CONTINUED UNTIL FULLER'S DEATH IN 1983, CATALYSTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE APPROACH TO DESIGN - FOSTER CREATED OPEN-PLAN OFFICE FLOORS LONG BEFORE OPEN-PLAN BECAME THE NORM. IN A TOWN NOT OVER-ENDOWED WITH PUBLIC FACILITIES, THE ROOF GARDENS, 25M SWIMMING POOL AND GYMNASIUM GREATLY ENHANCE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE COMPANY'S 1200 EMPLOYEES. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

RYUE NISHIZAWA

VILANOVA ARTIGAS




CANDIDA HÖFER

NEO RAUSCH

GERHARD RICHTER

MARTIN HEIDEGGER

RICHARD ROGERS




RICHARD ROGERS. BRITISH ARCHITECT NOTED FOR HIS MODERNIST AND FUNCTIONALIST DESIGNS.ROGERS IS PERHAPS BEST KNOWN FOR HIS WORK ON THE POMPIDOU CENTRE IN PARIS AND THE LLOYD'S BUILDING AND MILLENNIUM DOME BOTH IN LONDON. HE IS A WINNER OF THE RIBA GOLD MEDAL AND PRITZKER PRIZE. WORKED WITH NORMAN FOSTER, AS TEAM 4 TERMED BY THE MEDIA HIGH-TECH ARCHITECTURE. WITH A TRADEMARK OF EXPOSING MOST OF THE BUILDING'S SERVICES (WATER, HEATING AND VENTILATION DUCTS, AND STAIRS) ON THE EXTERIOR, LEAVING THE INTERNAL SPACES UNCLUTTERED AND OPEN FOR VISITORS. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

CAROLEE SCHNEEMANN

REM KOOLHAAS

TONY CRAGG


Tony Cragg - In Celebration Of Sculpture by MVDfilm




TONY CRAGG BRITISH VISUAL ARTIST WHO WORKS MAINLY AS A SCULPTOR. HE WAS THE DIRECTOR OF THE KUNSTAKADEMIE DÜSSELDORF UNTIL AUGUST 2013. HIS PRACTICE AS A SCULPTOR EMBRACED THE USE OF CHEAP 'EVERYDAY' MATERIALS THAT HE WAS USED TO HANDLING WHILST WORKING ON BUILDING SITES. (SOMETIMES HE WOULD COLLECT THESE MATERIALS RIDING SOLO AROUND LONDON ON A TANDEM BICYCLE). WALKING AND CYCLING WERE IMPORTANT ACTIVITIES FOR HIM, OFTEN IN THE COMPANY OF ARTIST FRIENDS SUCH AS RICHARD DEACON, RICHARD LONG, BILL WOODROW AND ROGER ACKLING. THE CRUCIAL QUESTION BECAME ONE OF FINDING A CONTENT. THE CRAGG FOUNDATION IS DEDICATED TO RESEARCH. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY


BAS JAN ADER

BRUCE NAUMAN

BUCKMINSTER FULLER




BUCKMINSTER FULLER AMERICAN ARCHITECT, AUTHOR, DESIGNER, INVENTOR, AND FUTURIST. INVENTING AND POPULARIZING TERMS SUCH AS "SPACESHIP EARTH", EPHEMERALIZATION, AND SYNERGETICS. HE ALSO DEVELOPED NUMEROUS INVENTIONS, THE GEODESIC DOME. CARBON MOLECULES KNOWN AS FULLERENES. INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION BEGAN WITH THE SUCCESS OF HIS HUGE GEODESIC DOMES DURING THE 1950S. FULLER ALSO INTRODUCED SYNERGETICS, TO REFERENCE THE EMPIRICAL STUDY OF SYSTEMS IN TRANSFORMATION, WITH AN EMPHASIS ON TOTAL SYSTEM BEHAVIOR UNPREDICTED BY THE BEHAVIOR OF ANY ISOLATED COMPONENTS. FULLER WAS FOLLOWED (HISTORICALLY) BY OTHER DESIGNERS AND ARCHITECTS, SUCH AS NORMAN FOSTER AND STEVE BAER. FULLER WAS CONCERNED ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY AND ABOUT HUMAN SURVIVAL UNDER THE EXISTING SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEM. DEFINING WEALTH IN TERMS OF KNOWLEDGE. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

DAVID HARVEY

12.414 DOINA PETRUSCA & CONSTANTIN PETCOU







FOUNDERS OF ATELIER D’ARCHITECTURE AUTOGÉRÉE, URBAN TACTICS, AAA ACTS AS A PLATFORM FOR COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AND ACTION ON THE CITY AND MUCH OF THEIR WORK IS CARRIED OUT WITH OTHER SPECIALISTS, ARTISTS, RESEARCHERS AND INSTITUTIONAL PARTNERS SUCH AS UNIVERSITIES, ARTS ORGANISATIONS AND NGOS, AS WELL AS THE EVENTUAL USERS OF THEIR SPACES. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY 



YOUTUBE BREAKFAST IS AN ONLINE LECTURE PROJECT ON SCIENCE, CULTURE AND ART.

JANE JACOBS






JANE JACOBS AMERICAN-CANADIAN WRITER AND ACTIVIST WITH PRIMARY INTEREST IN COMMUNITIES AND URBAN PLANNING AND DECAY. SHE IS BEST KNOWN FOR THE DEATH AND LIFE OF GREAT AMERICAN CITIES (1961), A POWERFUL CRITIQUE OF THE URBAN RENEWAL POLICIES OF THE 1950S IN THE UNITED STATES. JACOBS IS EQUALLY WELL KNOWN FOR ORGANIZING GRASSROOTS EFFORTS TO BLOCK URBAN-RENEWAL PROJECTS THAT WOULD HAVE DESTROYED LOCAL NEIGHBORHOODS. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

12.412 WANG SHU





WANG SHU CHINESE ARCHITECT BASED IN HANGZHOU, ZHEJIANG PROVINCE. IN 2012 WANG SHU BECAME THE FIRST CHINESE ARCHITECT TO WIN THE PRITZKER PRIZE. WANG SHU CHOSE TO LIVE IN HANGZHOU FOR THE CITY'S NATURAL LANDSCAPES AND ANCIENT TRADITION OF ART. HIS ARCHITECTURE HAS BEEN DESCRIBED AS "OPENING NEW HORIZONS WHILE AT THE SAME TIME RESONATES WITH PLACE AND MEMORY". WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

AD REINHARDT





AD REINHARDT. ABSTRACT PAINTER FROM 1930S AND THROUGH 1960S. PART OF THE MOVEMENT CENTERED AROUND THE BETTY PARSONS GALLERY KNOWN AS ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM. HE WROTE AND LECTURED EXTENSIVELY ON ART AND WAS A MAJOR INFLUENCE ON CONCEPTUAL, MINIMAL ART AND MONOCHROME PAINTING. MOST FAMOUS FOR HIS "BLACK" OR "ULTIMATE" PAINTINGS, HE BELIEVED IN A PHILOSOPHY OF ART HE CALLED ART-AS-ART AND USED HIS WRITING AND SATIRICAL CARTOONS TO ADVOCATE FOR ABSTRACT ART. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.


11.410 JOHN SOANE



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iteJV283wv4
 

JOHN SOANE. ENGLISH ARCHITECT WHO SPECIALISED IN THE NEO-CLASSICAL STYLE. HIS ARCHITECTURAL WORKS ARE DISTINGUISHED BY THEIR CLEAN LINES, MASSING OF SIMPLE FORM, DECISIVE DETAILING, CAREFUL PROPORTIONS AND SKILFUL USE OF LIGHT SOURCES. THE INFLUENCE OF HIS WORK, COMING AT THE END OF THE GEORGIAN ERA, WAS SWAMPED BY THE REVIVAL STYLES OF THE 19TH CENTURY. HIS BEST-KNOWN WORK WAS THE BANK OF ENGLAND. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.


YOUTUBE BREAKFAST: 10.332 LE CORBUSIER

YOUTUBE BREAKFAST: 10.332 LE CORBUSIER: retrouver ce média sur http://www.ina.fr/



LE CORBUSIER. SWISS-FRENCH ARCHITECT, DESIGNER, URBANIST, WRITER AND ALSO PAINTER, ONE OF THE PIONEERS OF WHAT NOW IS CALLED MODERN ARCHITECTURE OR THE INTERNATIONAL STYLE. VERS UNE ARCHITECTURE (1923) (TOWARDS AN ARCHITECTURE). IN THE 1930S, LE CORBUSIER EXPANDED AND REFORMULATED HIS IDEAS ON URBANISM, EVENTUALLY PUBLISHING THEM IN LA VILLE RADIEUSE (THE RADIANT CITY) OF 1935. LE CORBUSIER CONTRIBUTED TO A NEW JOURNAL CALLED L'ESPRIT NOUVEAU THAT ADVOCATED THE USE OF MODERN INDUSTRIAL TECHNIQUES AND STRATEGIES TO TRANSFORM SOCIETY INTO A MORE EFFICIENT ENVIRONMENT WITH A HIGHER STANDARD OF LIVING ON ALL SOCIOECONOMIC LEVELS. FOUNDING MEMBER OF THE CONGRÈS INTERNATIONAL D'ARCHITECTURE MODERNE (CIAM). WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

11.406 ZAHA HADID





ZAHA HADID. IRAQI-BRITISH ARCHITECT. SHE WORKED WITH REM KOOLHAAS AND ELIA ZENGHELIS AT THE OFFICE FOR METROPOLITAN ARCHITECTURE, BECOMING A PARTNER IN 1977. IT WAS WITH KOOLHAAS THAT SHE MET THE ENGINEER PETER RICE WHO GAVE HER SUPPORT AND ENCOURAGEMENT EARLY ON, AT A TIME WHEN HER WORK SEEMED DIFFICULT TO BUILD. IN 2004 HADID BECAME THE FIRST FEMALE RECIPIENT OF THE PRITZKER IN 2006, HADID WAS HONORED WITH A RETROSPECTIVE SPANNING HER ENTIRE WORK AT THE GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM IN NEW YORK. IN 2008, SHE RANKED 69TH ON THE FORBES LIST OF "THE WORLD'S 100 MOST POWERFUL WOMEN". WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.


YAYOI KUSAMA




JAPANESE ARTIST WHOSE PAINTINGS, COLLAGES, SOFT SCULPTURES, PERFORMANCE ART AND ENVIRONMENTAL INSTALLATIONS ALL SHARE AN OBSESSION WITH REPETITION, PATTERN, AND ACCUMULATIONKUSAMA'S WORK IS BASED INCONCEPTUAL ART AND SHOWS SOME ATTRIBUTES OF FEMINISM, MINIMALISM, SURREALISM, ART BRUT, POP ART, AND ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM, AND IS INFUSED WITH AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, AND SEXUAL CONTENTKUSAMAIS ALSO A PUBLISHED NOVELIST AND POET, AND HAS CREATED NOTABLE WORK IN FILM AND FASHION DESIGN. 2008 CHRISTIES NEW YORK SOLD A WORK BY HER FOR $5.1 MILLION, A RECORD FOR A LIVING FEMALE ARTIST.  WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

11.398 MATTHEW BARNEY



MATHHEW BARNEY. AMERICAN ARTIST WHO WORKS IN SCULPTURE, PHOTOGRAPHY, DRAWING AND FILM. FROM SCULPTURAL INSTALLATIONS COMBINED WITH PERFORMANCE AND VIDEO. HE CREATED THE CREMASTER CYCLE. DRAWING RESTRAINTS 1–6 (1987–89) WERE DOCUMENTED WITH VIDEO AND PHOTOGRAPHY. A MAJOR PROJECT CONSISTING OF A FEATURE-LENGTH FILM WITH SOUNDTRACK COMPOSED BY BJÖRK, LARGE-SCALE SCULPTURES, PHOTOGRAPHS AND DRAWINGS, HIS GRAPHITE AND PETROLEUM JELLY DRAWINGS. HE HAS EXPLORED LIVE PERFORMANCE BEFORE AN AUDIENCE A RITUALISTIC EXPLORATION OF EGYPTIAN SYMBOLISM IN ANCIENT NIGHTS. WIKI VIEW HISTORY.

11.397 BENOIT MANDELBROT




FRENCH AMERICAN MATHEMATICIAN. FATHER OF FRACTAL GEOMETRY. MANDELBROT COINED THE TERM FRACTAL AND PUBLISHED HIS IDEAS IN LES OBJETS FRACTALS, FORME, HASARD ET DIMENSION (1975; AN ENGLISH TRANSLATION FRACTALS: FORM, CHANCE AND DIMENSION WAS PUBLISHED IN 1977). HE BELIEVED THAT FRACTALS, FAR FROM BEING UNNATURAL, WERE IN MANY WAYS MORE INTUITIVE AND NATURAL THAN THE ARTIFICIALLY SMOOTH OBJECTS OF TRADITIONAL EUCLIDEAN GEOMETRY. HE PUBLISHED THE FRACTAL GEOMETRY OF NATURE ACCESSIBLE TO NON-SPECIALISTS. WHERE HE STATED CLOUDS ARE NOT SPHERES, MOUNTAINS ARE NOT CONES, COASTLINES ARE NOT CIRCLES, AND BARK IS NOT SMOOTH, NOR DOES LIGHTNING TRAVEL IN A STRAIGHT LINE. WIKY. VIEW HISTORY

11.392 AI WEI WEI



AI WIE WIE. CHINESE ARTIST, CURATOR, ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNER, SOCIAL COMMENTATOR, AND ACTIVIST ESTABLISH THE EXPERIMENTAL ARTISTS' GROUP BEIJING EAST VILLAGE AND PUBLISHED THREE BOOKS ABOUT THIS NEW GENERATION BLACK COVER BOOK (1994), WHITE COVER BOOK (1995), AND GRAY COVER BOOK (1997). FOCUSED AT EXPOSING CORRUPTION SCANDAL IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF SICHUAN SCHOOLS THAT COLLAPSED DURING THE 2008 SICHUAN EARTHQUAKE FOR THIS HE CREATED THE INSTALLATION REMEMBERING MADE OUT OF 9000 CHILDREN'S BACKPACKS. IN CHINESE CHARACTERS. IN 2010, SUNFLOWER SEEDS WAS INSTALLED AT THE TATE MODERN TURBINE HALL, ONE HUNDRED MILLION PORCELAIN "SEEDS," HAND-PAINTED IN THE TOWN OF JINGDEZHEN BY 1,600 CHINESE ARTISANS. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY. 

ÁLVARO SIZA VIEIRA





ÁLVARO SIZA VIEIRA. CONTEMPORARY PORTUGUESE ARCHITECT, WITH FERNANDO TÁVORA, HE IS ONE OF THE REFERENCES OF THE PORTO SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE. KNOWN FOR HIS "POETIC" MODERNISM DRAWS ON CONTEXT. IN 1992, HE WAS AWARDED WITH THE PRITZKER PRIZE FOR RENOVATION PROJECT THAT HE COORDINATED IN THE CHIADO AREA OF LISBON. MORE RECENTLY HE WAS ANNOUNCED AS RIBA'S 2009 ROYAL GOLD MEDALLIST. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.


JESSICA STOCKHOLDER





JESSICA STOCKHOLDER AMERICAN SCULPTOR AND INSTALLATION ARTIST. CONCEPTUAL ARTIST. PIONEER OF INSTALLATION ART THAT MIXES EVERYDAY CONSUMER AND HOUSEHOLD OBJECTS WITH HIGH ART TRADITIONS. HER WORKS ARE OFTEN TITLED AFTER LITERARY OR THEATRICAL WORKS. COMMON HOUSEHOLD MATERIALS GATHERED TOGETHER, DISPLAYED IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE GALLERY ENVIRONMENT IN A SEEMINGLY HAPHAZARD MANNER, COLORS AND SHAPES RANDOMLY APPLIED. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY

10.382 VALIE EXPORT




VALIE EXPORT. AUSTRIAN ARTIST. HER ARTISTIC WORK INCLUDES VIDEO INSTALLATIONS, BODY PERFORMANCES, EXPANDED CINEMA, COMPUTER ANIMATIONS, PHOTOGRAPHY, SCULPTURES AND PUBLICATIONS. IN 1967, SHE CHANGED HER NAME TO VALIE EXPORT (WRITTEN IN UPPERCASE LETTERS). HER EXAMINATION OF THE WAYS IN WHICH THE POWER RELATIONS INHERENT IN MEDIA REPRESENTATIONS INSCRIBE WOMEN’S BODIES AND CONSCIOUSNESS DISTINGUISHES VALIE EXPORT’S PROJECT. SHE SUBJECTED HER BODY TO PAIN AND DANGER IN ACTIONS DESIGNED. VALIE EXPORT'S GROUNDBREAKING VIDEO PIECE, "FACING A FAMILY" (1971) WAS ONE OF THE FIRST INSTANCES OF TELEVISION INTERVENTION AND BROADCASTING VIDEO ART. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

JACQUES LACAN





JACQUES LACAN FRENCH PSYCHOANALYST AND PSYCHIATRIST WHO MADE PROMINENT CONTRIBUTIONS TO PSYCHOANALYSIS, PHILOSOPHY, AND LITERARY THEORY. HIS INTERDISCIPLINARY WORK IS FREUDIAN, FEATURING THE UNCONSCIOUS, THE CASTRATION COMPLEX, THE EGO, IDENTIFICATION, AND LANGUAGE AS SUBJECTIVE PERCEPTION. HIS IDEAS HAVE HAD A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON CRITICAL THEORY, LITERARY THEORY, TWENTIETH-CENTURY FRENCH PHILOSOPHY, SOCIOLOGY, FEMINIST THEORY. THE ANALYTIC FIELD IS THE ONLY PLACE FROM WHICH IT IS POSSIBLE TO QUESTION THE INSUFFICIENCIES OF SCIENCE AND PHILOSOPHY. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.


10.371 ALLEN GINSBERG



ALLEN GINSBERG. AMERICAN POET WHO VIGOROUSLY OPPOSED MILITARISM, MATERIALISM AND SEXUAL REPRESSION. IN THE 1950S, GINSBERG WAS A LEADING FIGURE OF THE BEAT GENERATION, AN ANARCHIC GROUP OF YOUNG MEN AND WOMEN WHO COMBINED POETRY, SONG, SEX, WINE AND ILLICIT DRUGS WITH PASSIONATE POLITICAL IDEAS THAT CHAMPIONED PERSONAL FREEDOMS. GINSBERG'S EPIC POEM HOWL, IN WHICH HE CELEBRATES HIS FELLOW "ANGELHEADED HIPSTERS" AND EXCORIATES WHAT HE SAW AS THE DESTRUCTIVE FORCES OF CAPITALISM AND CONFORMITY IN THE UNITED STATES. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY. 

10.367 BILL GATES




BILL GATES. AMERICAN CHAIRMAN OF MICROSOFT, THE SOFTWARE COMPANY HE FOUNDED WITH PAUL ALLEN. DURING HIS CAREER AT MICROSOFT, GATES HELD THE POSITIONS OF CEO AND CHIEF SOFTWARE ARCHITECT. HE HAS ALSO AUTHORED OR CO-AUTHORED SEVERAL BOOKS. WITH PAUL ALLEN HE DEVELOPED AN ALTAIR EMULATOR THAT RAN ON A MINICOMPUTER, AND THEN THE BASIC INTERPRETER. IT RESULTED IN A DEAL WITH MIT TO DISTRIBUTE THE INTERPRETER AS ALTAIR BASIC. AFTER THAT THEY NAMED THEIR PARTNERSHIP "MICRO-SOFT" AND GATES NEVER RETURNED TO HARVARD TO COMPLETE HIS STUDIES. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.

10.366 NORMAN FOSTER



NORMAN FOSTER. BRITISH ARCHITECT WHOSE COMPANY MAINTAINS AN INTERNATIONAL DESIGN PRACTICE. AT YALE SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, HE MET FORMER BUSINESS PARTNER RICHARD ROGERS. 1968 SAW THE BEGINNING OF A LONG PERIOD OF COLLABORATION WITH AMERICAN ARCHITECT RICHARD BUCKMINSTER FULLER, WHICH CONTINUED UNTIL FULLER'S DEATH IN 1983, CATALYSTS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENVIRONMENTALLY SENSITIVE APPROACH TO DESIGN - FOSTER CREATED OPEN-PLAN OFFICE FLOORS LONG BEFORE OPEN-PLAN BECAME THE NORM. IN A TOWN NOT OVER-ENDOWED WITH PUBLIC FACILITIES, THE ROOF GARDENS, 25M SWIMMING POOL AND GYMNASIUM GREATLY ENHANCE THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE COMPANY'S 1200 EMPLOYEES. WIKI. VIEW HISTORY.